"valen" meaning in Middle English

See valen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈvaːlən/
Etymology: Either from Anglo-Norman valer or an apheretic form of avalen. Equivalent to vale + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|xno|valer}} Anglo-Norman valer, {{apheretic form|enm|avalen|nocap=1}} apheretic form of avalen, {{af|enm|vale|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} vale + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} valen, {{tlb|enm|rare}} (rare) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|val}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], valen [infinitive], to valen [infinitive], vale [infinitive], vale [first-person, present, singular], valed [first-person, past, singular], valest [present, second-person, singular], valedest [past, second-person, singular], valeth [present, singular, third-person], valed [past, singular, third-person], vale [present, singular, subjunctive], valed [past, singular, subjunctive], vale [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], valen [plural, present], vale [plural, present], valeden [past, plural], valede [past, plural], valeth [imperative, plural, present], vale [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], valynge [participle, present], valende [participle, present], valed [participle, past], yvaled [participle, past], vale [alternative], vayle [alternative]
  1. To (cause to) sink or drop. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-valen-enm-verb-ezMoCKRt Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 31 37 31 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 31 37 31
  2. To lower as a sign of deference. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-valen-enm-verb-r-JzZMH2 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 31 37 31 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 31 37 31
  3. (figurative) To reduce in rank. Tags: figuratively, rare
    Sense id: en-valen-enm-verb-UhSwCQ9P Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 31 37 31 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 31 37 31

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "vail"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "vail"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "valer"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman valer",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "avalen",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apheretic form of avalen",
      "name": "apheretic form"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vale",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "vale + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either from Anglo-Norman valer or an apheretic form of avalen. Equivalent to vale + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to valen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yvaled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vayle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "valen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rare"
      },
      "expansion": "(rare)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "val"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To (cause to) sink or drop."
      ],
      "id": "en-valen-enm-verb-ezMoCKRt",
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "sink",
          "sink"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To lower as a sign of deference."
      ],
      "id": "en-valen-enm-verb-r-JzZMH2",
      "links": [
        [
          "lower",
          "lower"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "deference",
          "deference"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 37 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To reduce in rank."
      ],
      "id": "en-valen-enm-verb-UhSwCQ9P",
      "links": [
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To reduce in rank."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvaːlən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "valen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English apheretic forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English rare terms",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "vail"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "vail"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "valer"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman valer",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "avalen",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "apheretic form of avalen",
      "name": "apheretic form"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vale",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "vale + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either from Anglo-Norman valer or an apheretic form of avalen. Equivalent to vale + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to valen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yvaled",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vale",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vayle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "valen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rare"
      },
      "expansion": "(rare)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "val"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To (cause to) sink or drop."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "sink",
          "sink"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To lower as a sign of deference."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lower",
          "lower"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "deference",
          "deference"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To reduce in rank."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) To reduce in rank."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvaːlən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "valen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for valen meaning in Middle English (4.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.